Many people are interested in family history and genealogy. We receive calls, e-mails, and visits not only from Nashua Public Library cardholders, but also from people across the country whose ancestors were born, lived, or died in Nashua. They use numerous resources, including old issues of The Nashua Telegraph, the directories and histories in the Hunt Room, and genealogy databases such as Ancestry.com to trace their lineage. In some cases, people find ancestors who lived during the colonial period, and they know from which country or countries their family originates. But, what would happen if their ancestors were slaves? Because slaves were considered property, they were often listed in their owners' records by age and gender only. Many did not even have last names. Can the descendants of slaves discover their families' country of origin?
According to the PBS series African American Lives, it is, in fact, possible. This series follows host Henry Louis Gates, Jr., Chair of Harvard’s African and African American Studies Department at Harvard, as he searches for his ancestors and those of 8 other prominent African Americans. Many of the guests had known that they are descended from slaves, but did not know much about their ancestors who lived under the peculiar institution. It was not often discussed in their families, nor was the desire to discover their African roots. Whoopi Goldberg, one of the participants, states, “I don’t think they ever thought that there was any reason to figure out where we had come from.”* Others reported that slavery was an embarrassment to their families or too painful to discuss. This group, which includes Oprah Winfrey, Chris Tucker, and Quincy Jones, among others, was eager, delighted, and moved to learn about their roots, despite knowing that their relatives were subjected to the horrors of slavery.
In some cases, Gates, with the assistance of genealogists and historians, was successful in tracing his guests’ roots; in others, he reached dead ends. Filling in the branches of the family tree prior to the Civil War was especially challenging. The detectives had to be more creative and make some assumptions, often looking for slave owners who shared the last names of the guests’ ancestors. Watching the process unfold was very interesting, as the expertise of historians, genealogists, and geneticists provided information that was seemingly lost. The guests (and this viewer) were amazed to learn that DNA testing could tell them the percentage of African, European, Native American, and Asian blood they had. Gates was surprised that his lineage is actually 50% African and 50% European. Yet another DNA test determined that Chris Tucker descended from Angola, and Oprah's ancestors hailed from the country that is now Liberia.
This fascinating program grabbed my interest as I flipped through the channel listings last week, and you can watch it too. The DVD is available in the Music, Arts, and Media Department. For more information about the series, guests, or science used, you can visit the series' website.
If you are inspired to trace your own African American ancestry, we have some books that pertain specifically to African American genealogy, such as African American Genealogical Sourcebook, Afro-American Genealogy Sourcebook, Slave Genealogy: A Research Guide with Case Studies, and Black Family Research: Records of Post-Civil War Federal Agencies at the National Archives.
*Goldberg, Whoopi, quoted in African American Lives http://www.pbs.org/wnet/aalives/index.html (accessed February 10, 2007).